기상 기후 강의 노트

양자역학

The different energy levels are quantized

All processes above are determined by incoming energy. Other processes can be found a physical chemistry book.

광화학 광분해 Photolysis (Photo-dissociation)

분자가 광자를 흡수한다고 모두 화학변화를 유발하는 것은 아님.

분자의 구조와 에너지에 따라서 달라짐.

산소원자(O)의 산화반응

오존(O3) 산화반응

Radiational absorption spectrum

Radiational Energy

1. Electronic energy level

2. Vibrational energy level

3. Rotational energy level

1. 농도

2. 이상기체 방정식

3. 기체 부분압 구하기

4. 기체 분자 수농도 구하기

5. 혼합비 (mixing ratio)

6. 대기구성 

7. 체류시간 (life time)

8. 체류기간에 따른 대기화학 규모분석

Which of the following gases has a mixing ratio in the northern hemisphere that is roughly twice that in the southern hemisphere?

Ar, CO, CO2, CH4

From meteorology to air pollution

Weather <- H2O phase transformation

Air pollution <- gas phase (smog) / particular matter (haze)

                      Chemical species can be considered H2O in weather

Emissions

natural and anthropogenic inorganic compounds (NOx) 

organic compounds(VOC)

Chemical transformation 

1. Photochemistry

    oxidants: OH, O3

2. Gas−phase and heterogeneous chemistry

    "non−volatile" condensed -> aerosols -> dry/wet deposition

Connection between meteorology and atmospheric chemistry

• Aerosols are the key between two areas
• Cloud formation
• Radiative transformation
• Greenhouse effects (CH4, H2O, CO2, O3, CFCs)
  
  

Atmopspheric Chemistry

1. It is related to:

• Organic chemistry (Alkane, Alkenes, Ketones, …)
• Inorganic chemistry (sulfur, nitrogen, halogen compounds)
• Physical chemistry (reaction rate, photolysis)
• Nano chemistry (aerosols)
• Biochemistry (humans, animals, plants)
• Analytical chemistry (measurements)
• Theoretical chemistry (Quantum chemistry)

2. Atmospheric radiation (scattering, absorption, cloud formation, circulations).
3. Observations from fields, lab, and satellites.

4. Numerical simulation 
5. Tropospheric chemistry 

• Urban
• remote continental
• marine chemistry

6. Stratospheric chemistry 

Chemical Processes in the atmosphere

General Oxidation Processes